Products

 

GLYPHOSATE

 

Herbicide:glycine derivative

Common name glyphosate (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, WSSA, JMAF)
IUPAC name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine 
Chemical Abstracts name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine 
CAS RN [1071-83-6]  EEC no. 213-997-4 
glyphosate-ammonium
CAS RN [40465-66-5] monoammonium salt; [69254-40-6] diammonium salt; [114370-14-8] unspecified ammonium salt  Development codes MON 8750 (Monsanto)
glyphosate-isopropylammonium
CAS RN [38641-94-0]  EEC no. 254-056-8  Development codes MON 0139 (Monsanto); MON 77209 (Monsanto) 
glyphosate-sodium
CAS RN [34494-03-6]  Development codes MON 8722 (Monsanto) 
glyphosate-trimesium
IUPAC name trimethylsulfonium N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinate 
Chemical Abstracts name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine trimethylsulfonium salt 
Other names sulfosate  CAS RN [81591-81-3]  Development codes SC 0224; ICIA0224 (ICI) 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
glyphosate
Composition Tech. is ≥95% pure. Zwitterion structure (P. Knuuttila & H. Knuuttila, Acta Chem. Scand., 1979, 33, 623).  Mol. wt. 169.1  M.f. C3H8NO5P  Form Colourless crystals.  M.p. 189.5.5 °C  B.p. Decomp. >200 °C  V.p. 1.31 × 10-2 mPa (25 °C)  KOW logP <-3.2 (pH 2-5, 20 °C), (OECD 107; EEC A8)  Henry <2.1 × 10-7 Pa m3 mol-1  S.g./density 1.705 (20 °C)  Solubility In water 11.6 g/l (25 ºC). Insoluble in common organic solvents, e.g. acetone, ethanol and xylene. The alkali-metal and amine salts are readily soluble in water.  Stability Glyphosate and all its salts are non-volatile, do not photochemically degrade and are stable in air. Glyphosate is stable to hydrolysis at pH 3, 6 and 9 (5-35 °C).  pKa 5.77.03, 2.18.02 (20 °C), (OECD 112)  F.p. Not flammable 
glyphosate-ammonium
Composition Tech. is 95.2% pure.  Mol. wt. 186.1  M.f. C3H11N2O5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Decomp. >190 °C, without melting  V.p. 9 × 10-3 mPa (25 °C)  KOW logP <-3.7  Henry 1.16 × 10-8 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.433 (22 °C)  Solubility In water 1449 g/l (pH 3.2). Essentially insoluble in organic solvents.  Stability Stable over 5 days at 50 °C (pH 4, 7 and 9).  pKa See isopropylammonium salt  F.p. Not flammable
glyphosate-isopropylammonium
Composition As a wet cake, contains c. 62% w/w isopropylamine salt, c. 35% water.  Mol. wt. 228.2  M.f. C6H17N2O5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Occurs in 2 steps, 143-164 °C and 189-223 °C  B.p. Decomposes without boiling  V.p. 2.1 × 10-3 mPa (25 °C)  KOW logP = -5.4  Henry 4.6 × 10-10 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 °C, calc.)  S.g./density 1.482 (20 °C)  Solubility In water 1050 g/l (25 °C, pH 4.3). In dichloromethane 0.184, methanol 15.88 (both in g/l, 20 °C).  pKa 5.77.03, 2.18.02 (20 °C), (OECD 112) 
glyphosate-sodium
Mol. wt. 191.1  M.f. C3H7NNaO5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Decomp. >260 °C  V.p. 7.56 × 10-3 mPa (25 °C)  KOW See isopropylammonium salt  Henry 4.27 × 10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.622 (20 °C)  Solubility In water 335 1.5 g/l of solution (or 414 1.8 g/l of water) (pH 4.2, 20 °C).  Stability Stable over 5 days at 50 °C (pH 4, 7 and 9). 
glyphosate-trimesium
Mol. wt. 245.2  M.f. C6H16NO5PS  Form White solid.  M.p. Decomp. 150 °C  V.p. <0.01 mPa (20 ºC)  KOW logP = -2.9  Henry <2 × 10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.42  Solubility In water >1000 g/l. In acetone, chlorobenzene, ethanol, kerosene, xylene <5 (all in g tech./l). 
APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme of the aromatic acid biosynthetic pathway. This prevents synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids needed for protein biosynthesis.  Mode of action Non-selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by the foliage, with rapid translocation throughout the plant. Inactivated on contact with soil.  Uses Control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds, pre-harvest, post-planting/pre-emergence and in stubble, in cereals, peas, beans, oilseed rape, flax and mustard, at c. 1.5-2 kg/ha; as a directed spray in vines and olives, at c. 4.3 kg/ha; in orchards, pasture, forestry and industrial weed control, at c. 4.3 kg/ha. As an aquatic herbicide, at c. 2 kg/ha.  Formulation types SG; SL.  Compatibility Mixing with other herbicides may reduce the activity of glyphosate.